Works Cited & Parenthetical Citation

Lesson Summary

In the fourth step of the Big6 Process, Use of Information, students should know how to cite sources of information used in their research.  At this critical step, students should know the difference between summarizing, paraphrasing, and plagiarism as well as when to use quotations.

Standards Addressed

Ohio Academic Content Standards
Language Arts:  Grade 3:  Research

4.  Identify important information found in the sources and summarize the important findings.
6.  Understand the importance of citing resources.

General Goals

• Provide instruction on Citing Sources
• Provide instruction on summarizing, paraphrasing, and plagiarism

Specific Objectives

• Given instruction, the learner will be able to cite sources
• Given instruction, the learner will understand when to use quotation marks
• Given instruction, the learner will understand the differences between summarizing, paraphrasing, and plagiarism

Required Materials & Equipment

• Handout for each student:  "Works Cited"
• Copy of "Works Cited Assessment"
  
• Berendes, Mary. Piranhas . Mankato, MN: Child's World, 2008. Print. (book for group assessment)
• Dollar, Sam. Piranhas . Austin, TX: Steadwell Books, 2001. Print. (book for teacher demonstration)
• Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA handbook for writers of research papers . 7th ed. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2009. Print. (book for teacher demonstration)
• Grossman, Susan M.. Piranhas . New York: Dillon Press ; 1994. Print. (book for group assessment)
• Landau, Elaine. Piranhas . New York: Children's Press, 1999. Print. (book for group assessment)
• Storad, Conrad J.. Piranhas . Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 2009. Print. (book for group assessment)
  

Works Cited Handout
Works Cited Assessment

Instructional Procedure

1. Teacher provides each student with a copy of the "Works Cited" handout.
   
2. Teacher reads aloud the information in the "Works Cited" handout as the students follow along.
3. When the teacher reaches the citation of the book Piranha (Dollar), he/she shows the students where to locate the information for creating a citation (verso page, etc.).
4. When the teacher reaches the information in the handout (bottom of first page) that mentions the citation handbook (Gibaldi), he/she shows the students the book and leaves it out for them to review later.

Assessment

• After the teacher finishes reading aloud the "Works Cited" handout, he/she will ask the class to divide up into four groups
• The teacher will give each of the four groups one of the four Piranha books (Berendes, Grossman, Landau, Storad) and a section cut from the "Works Cited Assessment"
  
• Each group of students will write down on the piece of paper the citation of the source they were given (as shown on page one of the handout).
• Group members will choose one person from the group to write their citation on the chalk board
• The class will comment on the accuracy of the citation
• If time allows, the students can exchange books and write down another citation on their slip of paper for extra practice.